References  “THE OSTEOPOROSIS STORY – Broken Bones or Broken System”

This list is indicative – not definitive. Numbers preceding each reference refer to the approximate duration within the documentary when the reference becomes appropriate.

02.06 “The Myth of Osteoporosis” Gillian Sanson, MCD Century Publications, LLC 2003
02.33 “Concise Medical Dictionary”. Oxford University Press 1987
03.16  Ott, Susan, M.D., “Osteoporosis and bone physiology.”
Web site:http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opclin.html
04.01 US National Osteoporosis Foundation (U.S.) Web site:  HYPERLINK http://www.nof.org/http http://www.nof.org/http
04.16 US Mayo Clinic Figures - Ott, Susan, M.D., “Osteoporosis and bone physiology.”
Web site:http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opclin.html
04.18 National Osteoporosis Society in the UK – www.nos.org.uk
04.24 Osteoporosis New Zealand. – http://osteoporosis.org.nz/limnks.html
05.35   Ott, S. Correspondence with Gillian Sanson November 2000
05.35 Heaney, R.P. “Sources of bone fragility.” Osteoporosis International 2000; Suppl.2:S43-46
07.01 “Feminine Forever.”  Robert A Wilson MD. Pub. Simon and Schuster 1966
07.08 Lacey, J.V. et al “Menopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of ovarian cancer”. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002;228:334-341
08.02 Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. ‘Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women”. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002;288:321-333
08.31 Ravdin, P.M. et alThe Decrease in Breast-Cancer Incidence in 2003 in the United States New England Journal of Medicine 2007;356:1670-74
09.10 WHO Geneva 1994 “Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for post menopausal osteoporosis.” WHO technical report series 84
10.07  Melton, JL et al, Osteoporosis and the risk of hip fracture American Journal of Epidemiology 1986;124 ( 2): 254-261
10.22 Ott, Susan, M.D., “Osteoporosis and bone physiology.”
Web site:http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opclin.html
15.30 Davis, J.W. et al “The peak bone mass of Hawaiian, Filipino, Japanese and white women living in Hawaii” Calcified Tissue International 1994;552:49-52
15.30 Ott, S. MD. Correspondence with Gillian Sanson November 2000.
16.21 Tenenhouse, A., et al. “Estimation of the prevalence of low bone density in Canadian women and men using a population-specific DXA reference standard: The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos).” Osteoporosis International 2000; II:897-904
16.21 Gurlek, A. et al. “Inappropriate reference range for peak bone mineral density in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Implications for the interpretation of T-scores.” Osteoporosis International 2000; II; 9:809-813
16.43 Looker, A.C. et al. “Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older women from NHANES III.” Journal of Bone Mineral Research 1995; (10) 5:796-802
17.36 Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. ‘Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women”. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002;288:321-333
17.58 Faulkner, K.G. et al. “Discrepancies in normative data between Lunar and Hologic DXA systems” Osteoporosis International 1996 6:432-436
17.58  Pocock, N.A. et al. “Assessment of Spinal and Femoral Bone Density by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry: Comparison of Lunar and Hologic Instruments.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1992;7(9):1081-84
17.58  Gurlek, A. et al. “Inappropriate reference range for peak bone mineral density in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Implications for the interpretation of T-scores.” Osteoporosis International 2000; II; 9:809-813
17.58  Kanis, J.A. et al “An update on the diagnosis and assessment of osteoporosis with densitometry.” Position Paper. Osteoporosis International 2000;II:192-202
17.58  Melton, L.J. III et al.: “Effects of body size and skeletal site on the estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in men and women.” Osteoporosis International 2000:11:977-98
17.58  Pors Nielson, S. “The Fallacy of BMD: a critical review of the diagnostic use of dual X-ray absorptiometry.” Clinical Rheumatology 2000; 19:174-183
17.58  Varney, L.F. et al. “Classification of osteoporosis and osteopenia in post menopausal women is dependent on site-specific analysis.” Journal of Clinical Densitometry 1999;2:275-83
17.58  Ahmed,A.I.H. et al. “Screening for osteopenia and osteoporosis: do the accepted normal ranges lead to over diagnosis?” Osteoporosis International 1997;7:432-438
17.58  Ott, Susan, M.D., “Osteoporosis and bone physiology.”
Web site:http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opclin.html
17.58  Green, C.J., Bassett, K., Foerster, V., Kazanjian, A.  “Bone Mineral Testing: Does the evidence support its selective use in well women” British.Columbia Office of Health Technology Assessment;. Dec 1997.  HYPERLINK http://www.chspr.ubc.ca ≈
20.14 Green, C.J., Bassett, K., Foerster, V., Kazanjian, A.  “Bone Mineral Testing: Does the evidence support its selective use in well women” British Columbia Office of Health Technology Assessment;. Dec 1997.  HYPERLINK http://www.chspr.ubc.ca www.chspr.ubc.ca
21.35 WHO Geneva 1994 “Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for post menopausal osteoporosis.” WHO technical report series 84
24.20 “Selling Sickness” Cassels A. and Moynihan R. Pub Allen and Unwin 2005
26.53 McClung, M. “Bone Density by itself does not accurately predict fracture risk; NORA data” North American Menopause Society. First to Know Bulletin  Part A, July 2004; 2-3
26.53  Siris, S.R. et al. Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in post menopausal women.” Results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment. Journal of the American Medical Association 2001 286 (22): 2815 - 2822
28.07 Ott, Susan M.D. Correspondence with Gillian Sanson November 2000
28.16 Karlson, M.K.et al. “Bone mineral normative data in Malmo, Sweden; Comparison with reference data and hip fracture incidence in other ethnic groups.” Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1993;64(2):168-72 (Cited in BCHOTA Review.  HYPERLINK http://www.chspr.ubc.ca www.chspr.ubc.ca)
28.44 Ott, Susan M.D. Correspondence with Gillian Sanson November 2000
32.11 Pors Nielson, S. “The Fallacy of BMD: a critical review of the diagnostic use of dual X-ray absorptiometry.” Clinical Rheumatology 2000; 19:174-183
32.23 Cummings, S.R. et al. “Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women. The Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group.” Journal of the American Medical Association 1990; 263(5)
33.05 Ott, Susan, M.D., “Osteoporosis and bone physiology.”
Web site:http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opclin.html
33.05 Heaney, R.P. “Bone mass, fragility and the decision to treat” (Editorial). Journal of the American Medical Association 1998;280;24:2119-2120
33.05 Frost, H.M. “Personal experience in managing acute compression fractures, their aftermath, and the bone pain syndrome in osteoporosis.” Osteoporosis International 1998;8;13-15
34.36 Polmer, F. “Osteoporosis: Looking at the whole picture” Medical World News 1985; 14 Jan:38-58. Cited in Coney S. The Menopause Industry. Penguin Books NZ 1992. p.107
35.22 Green, C.J., Bassett, K., Foerster, V., Kazanjian, A.  “Bone Mineral Testing: Does the evidence support its selective use in well women” B.C. Office of Health Technology Assessment;. Dec 1997.  HYPERLINK http://www.chspr.ubc.ca www.chspr.ubc.ca
35.22 Ott, Susan, M.D., “Osteoporosis and bone physiology.” Web site:http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opclin.html
35.22 Cummings, S.R. Melton, L.J. “Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures” Lancet 2002;359:1761-67
35.22 Hard Evidence  By Sandra G. Boodman / The Washington Post Tuesday, September 26, 2000; Page Z12 
37.05 Cummings, S.R. et al “Risk Factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. New England Journal of Medicine. 1995 Mar 23:332(12):814-815
38.56 Fugh Berman, A. “A Bone to Pick with Bone Drugs” The Women’s Health Activist March April 2006.
38.56 Van der Klift, M., de Laet C.D., Pols H.A. “Assessment of fracture risk: who should be treated for osteoporosis?” Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2005; 19(6):937-
39.22 Kannus P et al  “Nationwide decline in incidence of hip fracture.” Journal of Bone Mineral Research 21:1836-1838
39.22 Jaglal, S.B. et al “Population trends in BMD testing treatment and hip and wrist fracture rates: Are the hip fracture projections wrong?” Journal of Bone Mineral Research 2005 20(6): 898-905
39.22 Kannus, P. Reply – Why are hip fracture rates falling? Journal of Bone Mineral Research
2007 22(7) 1097
40.11 Mashiba, T. et al. “Suppressed bone turnover by bisphosphonates increases microdamage accumulation and reduces some biochemical properties in dog rib” Journal of Bone Mineral Research 2000;15:613-620
41.44 Bandolier Web site
 HYPERLINK http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band50/b50-8.html http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band50/b50-8.html
43.31 Black, D.M., Cummings, S.R. et al. :’Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures.” Lancet 1996;348:1535-41
(104/19/210)
43.31 Cummings, S.R. et al “Effect of alendronate on risk fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures.” Results from the Fracture Intervention Trial Journal of the American Medical Association 1998;280(24):1077-2082
43.31 Harris, S.T. “New considerations in the selection of current therapies to prevent and treat osteoporosis.” CME Medscape December 2002.  HYPERLINK http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/2185 www.medscape.com/viewprogram/2185
45.30 Freyshuss Bo. Swedish Council of Health Technology. Taped discussion with Dr Freyshuss April 2006. Tape held in JPL Archives.
46.52 and 49.03 Cummings, S.R. et al “Effect of alendronate on risk fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures.” Results from the Fracture Intervention Trial Journal of the American Medical Association 1998;280(24):1077-2082
46.52 and 49.03 Black, D.M., Cummings, S.R. et al. :’Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures.” Lancet 1996;348:1535-41
51.43 Bone, H.G.et al 2004 “Ten Years’ experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.” New England Journal of Medicine 350:1189-1199
51.43  Black, D. et al. 2004 A 5 year randomised trial of the long term efficacy and safety of alendronate.” Journal of Bone Mineral Research 10(Suppl 1):S45
51.43  Ott. S.M. “Long Term safety of Bisphosphonates” Editorial  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005;90;(3) 1897-1899
54.20 Fosamax Sales  http://money.cnn.com/2005/04/21/news/fortune500/merck/index.htm
See also:   HYPERLINK "http://www.merck.com/newsroom/press_releases/financial/2007_1204.html" http://www.merck.com/newsroom/press_releases/financial/2007_1204.html
54.41 Fosamax – in packet leaflet – “A brief summary of important information about this medicine’
54.41  Kuehn, B. M. ”Reports of Adverse Events from Bone Drugs Prompt Caution”. Journal of the American Medical Association June 28 2006 295,:24:2833-2835
55.04 Wysowski, D.K Chang, J.T. “Alendronate and Risedronate: Reports of Severe Bone, Joint, and Muscle Pain: Letter” Arch Intern Med 2005 Feb 14 Vol165 p346
62.04 Black, D.M., et al. “Once yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis”. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007;356:1809-22
62.04 US Food and Drug Administration “Early Communication of an Ongoing Safety Review.”  HYPERLINK http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/early_comm/bisphosphonates.htm http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/early_comm/bisphosphonates.htm
62.37 Ott. S.M. “Long Term safety of Bisphosphonates” Editorial  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005;90;(3) 1897-1899
64.54 Mark J Bolland, P Alan Barber, Robert N Doughty, Barbara Mason, Anne Horne, Ruth Ames, Gregory D Gamble, Andrew Grey, Ian R Reid. "Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised controlled trial." British Medical Journal 2008:394405257 published online, 15 January 2008. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.39440.525752.BEv1 
64.54 Cook, S. “Calcium Link to Heart Attack” NZ Herald Sunday Sept 23 2007
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=204&objectid=10465362
65.53 Tremblay, K.R. Jr., Barber, C.E. “Preventing Falls in the Elderly” Colorado State University Cooperative Extension.
 HYPERLINK http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/consumer/10242.html http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/consumer/10242.html
67.00 Harris, S.S. et al. “Caffeine and bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1994;60:573-8
67.00 New, S.A. “Nutrition and skeletal health. A review of current thinking.” Medscape Conference Coverage, based on selected sessions at: The 1st Joint Meeting of the Bone and Mineral Society and the European Calcified Tissue Society June 5-10, 2001, Madrid. Available at:  HYPERLINK http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/333 http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/333
67.09 Mazees, R. “Bone Mineral content of Northern Alaskan Eskimos” Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1974;27:916-925
67.18 Heaney, R., Weaver, C. “Calcium absorption from Kale.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1990;51:656-7
68.02 From Medscape News May 8, 2001. Garg, R. et al “Elderly lack adequate levels of Vitamin D” Posted at the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 10th Annual Meeting, held in San Antonio, Texas.
68.20 Lumsden, D.B. et al “Tai Chi for osteoarthritis: an introduction for primary care physicians.” Geriatrics 1998;53:84-88
68.20 Wolf, S.L. et al. “Reducing frailty and falls in older persons: an investigation of Tai Chi  and computerized balance training” Journal of the American Geriatric Society 1996; 44;599-600.
68.39 Kerr, et al. “Exercise effects on bone mass in postmenopausal women are site-specific and load dependent.” Journal of Bone Mineral Research 1996;II:218-225
71.51 Eastell, R. et al. “Relationship of early changes in bone resorption to the reduction in fracture risk with risedronate” Journal of Bone Mineral Research June 2003:18:1051-1056
73.38 “Overdosed America” John Abramson  Pub Harper Collins 2004
73.44 Curfman, G.D. et al “Expression of Concern: Bombardier et al., “Comparison of Upper Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Rofecoxib and Naproxen in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis,” N Engl J Med 2000;343:1520-8” New England Journal of Medicine 2005:353;26:2813-14
74.17 Bombardier, C. et al. Response to expression of concern regarding VIGOR study. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1196-8
74.17 Reicin, A. Shapiro D. Response to expression of concern regarding VIGOR study. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1198-9
77.52 “Dispensing with the Truth” Mundy, Alicia. Pub St Martin’s Press, New York. 20
80.10 Choudhry, N.K. et al. “Relationships between authors of clinical practice guidelines and the pharmaceutical industry.” JAMA 2002;287:612-617